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Nucleophilic addition reactions of nucleophiles with electrophilic double or triple bond (π bonds) create a new carbon center with two additional single, or σ, bonds. [1] Addition of a nucleophile to carbon–heteroatom double or triple bonds such as >C=O or -C≡N show great variety.
Nucleophilic conjugate addition is a type of organic reaction. Ordinary nucleophilic additions or 1,2-nucleophilic additions deal mostly with additions to carbonyl compounds. Simple alkene compounds do not show 1,2 reactivity due to lack of polarity , unless the alkene is activated with special substituents .
The 1,6-Michael reaction proceeds via nucleophilic attack on the 𝛿 carbon of an α,β-,𝛿-diunsaturated Michael acceptor. [34] [35] The 1,6-addition mechanism is similar to the 1,4-addition, with one exception being the nucleophilic attack occurring at the 𝛿 carbon of the Michael acceptor. [35]
Organostannane addition is reaction involving the nucleophilic addition of an allyl-, allenyl-, or propargyl-stannane to an aldehyde, imine, or (in rare cases) a ketone. [1] This reaction is widely used for carbonyl allylation .
An addition reaction is the reverse of an elimination reaction, in which one molecule divides into two or more molecules. For instance, the hydration of an alkene to an alcohol is reversed by dehydration. There are two main types of polar addition reactions: electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition.
Incoming nucleophilic attack happens at one of the termini of the π-system in the figure below: In this example the ring system can be thought of as analogous to 1,3-butadiene. Following the Green–Davies–Mingos rules, since butadiene is an open π-ligand of even hapticity, nucleophilic attack will occur at one of the terminal positions of ...
Organolithium reagents can also perform enantioselective nucleophilic addition to carbonyl and its derivatives, often in the presence of chiral ligands. This reactivity is widely applied in the industrial syntheses of pharmaceutical compounds. An example is the Merck and Dupont synthesis of Efavirenz, a potent HIV reverse transcriptase ...
The Mannich reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of an amine to a carbonyl group followed by dehydration to the Schiff base. The Schiff base is an electrophile which reacts in a second step in an electrophilic addition with an enol formed from a carbonyl compound containing an acidic alpha-proton.