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The Persian or Dari language functions as the nation's lingua franca and is the native tongue of several of Afghanistan's ethnic groups including the Tajiks, Hazaras, and Aimaqs. [13] Pashto is the native tongue of the Pashtuns , the dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan. [ 14 ]
While Afghanistan is a multilingual country, these languages are generally used as oral compositions and written texts by the Afghan writers and in Afghan curriculum. Its literature is highly influenced by Persian and Arabic literature in addition to Central and South Asia. [1] [2]
The Kabuli dialect is an eastern Persian dialect spoken in capital of Afghanistan, Kabul, and its surroundings.Because Kabul was for a long time under the rule of dynasties in both Iran (the Safavids) and India (the Mughals), whom chose Persian as their official language, the Kabuli dialect has enjoyed great prominence as a dialect that has been widely spoken for many centuries.
It is mainly in Persian/Dari and Pashto languages, although in modern times it is also becoming more recognized in Afghanistan's other languages. Classic Persian and Pashto poetry plays an important role in the Afghan culture. Poetry has always been one of the major educational pillars in the region, to the level that it has integrated itself ...
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people, who mainly live in Afghanistan (predominantly in the Hazarajat (Hazaristan) region, as well as other Hazara-populated areas of Afghanistan), with a significant population in Pakistan (particularly Quetta) and Iran (particularly Mashhad), [13] and by Hazaras in eastern Uzbekistan, northern Tajikistan, the Americas, Europe, and Australia. [14]
Standard Persian (Persian: فارسی معیار) is the standard variety of Persian that is the official language of Iran [5] and Tajikistan [6] and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. [7] It is a set of spoken and written formal varieties used by the educated persophones of several nations around the world. [8]
Dari Persian is the official language for approximately 35 million people in Afghanistan [14] and it serves as the common language for inter-ethnic communication in the country. [15] As defined in the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan, Dari Persian is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan; the other is Pashto. [16]
The Hazara native language Hazaragi is a dialect and variety of the Persian language, which is spoken mostly in Afghanistan. The Hazara were traditionally pastoral farmers active in herding in the central and southeastern highlands of Afghanistan. They primarily practice Islam, denominations of Shia with significance of Sunni and some Isma'ili. [3]