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Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.
Cerebral edema is the cause of death in 5% of all patients with cerebral infarction and mortality after large ischemic strokes with cerebral edema is roughly 20 to 30% despite medical and surgical interventions. [9] [38] Cerebral edema usually occurs between the second and fifth day after onset of symptoms. [9]
An increase in pressure, most commonly due to head injury leading to intracranial hematoma or cerebral edema, can crush brain tissue, shift brain structures, contribute to hydrocephalus, cause brain herniation, and restrict blood supply to the brain. [13] It is a cause of reflex bradycardia. [14]
Neurological collapse can occur within a short period, [12] with rapid onset of dilating pupils, loss of eye movement, unconsciousness, and respiratory failure. [11] Failure of the brain stem frequently occurs between two and five minutes after the second impact, [1] [2] [11] and death can follow shortly. [8]
According to proponents, SBS is the leading cause of fatal head injuries in children under two, [18] with a risk of death of about 25%. [3] This figure has been criticized for circular reasoning, selection bias and that violent shaking very rarely causes serious injury.
A potentially deadly mosquito-borne virus that can cause brain swelling has been detected in Florida, according to the state's health department. ... "Persons over age 50 and under age 15 seem to ...
The diagnosis is usually made by a brain scan , in which areas of swelling can be identified. The treatment for PRES is supportive: removal of the cause or causes and treatment of any of the complications, such as anticonvulsants for seizures. PRES may be complicated by intracranial hemorrhage, but this is relatively rare. The majority of ...
These factors cause the brain to swell with fluid, resulting in severe impairment. [15] If the swelling is untreated, it causes death by brain herniation. [4] The brain swelling is likely a result of vasogenic edema, the penetration of the blood–brain barrier by fluids. [16] This process has been observed in MRI studies.