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  2. Oxygen sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor

    The probe is typically screwed into a threaded hole in the exhaust system, located after the branch manifold of the exhaust system combines and before the catalytic converter. New vehicles are required to have a sensor before and after the exhaust catalyst to meet U.S. regulations requiring that all emissions components be monitored for failure.

  3. Catalytic converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter

    The oxygen sensor is the basis of the closed-loop control system on a spark-ignited rich-burn engine; however, it is also used for diagnostics. In vehicles with OBD II, a second oxygen sensor is fitted after the catalytic converter to monitor the O 2 levels. The O 2 levels are monitored to see the efficiency of the burn process. The on-board ...

  4. Secondary air injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection

    When the catalytic converter is cold, air injected at the upstream point burns with the deliberately rich exhaust so as to bring the catalyst up to operating temperature quickly. Once the catalyst is warm, air is injected to the downstream location — the catalytic converter itself — to assist with catalysis of unburned hydrocarbons.

  5. Lean-burn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean-burn

    The heart of the Mitsubishi's MVV system is the linear air–fuel ratio exhaust gas oxygen sensor. Compared with standard oxygen sensors, which essentially are on-off switches set to a single air/fuel ratio, the lean oxygen sensor is more of a measurement device covering the air/fuel ratio range from about 15:1 to 26:1. [19]

  6. Exhaust system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system

    It is a U.S. legal requirement to have a catalytic converter. [3] [4] Converters may not be removed from a vehicle that is used only for "off-road" driving in the United States. [5] The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.

  7. California to remove racist term for Native American Woman ...

    www.aol.com/california-remove-racist-term-native...

    Officials in California are working to remove a racist term towards Native American women in more than 30 locations in California, according to the state Natural Resources Agency.. The removal of ...

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