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Julius Caesar added Mercedonius (23 days) and two other intercalary months (33 and 34 days respectively) to the 355-day lunar year, to recalibrate the calendar in preparation for his calendar reform, which went into effect in 45 BC.
Julius Caesar did not change the beginning of either the consular year or the calendar year. In addition to consular years, the Romans sometimes used the regnal year of the emperor, and by the late 4th century documents were also being dated according to the 15-year cycle of the indiction.
Year 48 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Vatia (or, less frequently, year 706 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 48 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for ...
The modern Rubicon river (dark blue), believed to be the same river crossed by Caesar. The phrase "crossing the Rubicon" is an idiom that means "passing a point of no return". [1] Its meaning comes from allusion to the crossing of the river Rubicon from the north by Julius Caesar in early January 49 BC. The exact date is unknown. [2]
The Death of Julius Caesar (1806) by Vincenzo Camuccini. The Ides of March (/ aɪ d z /; Latin: Idus Martiae, Medieval Latin: Idus Martii) [1] is the day on the Roman calendar marked as the Idus, roughly the midpoint of a month, of Martius, corresponding to 15 March on the Gregorian calendar.
Caesar's veteran legions had been campaigning for many years and all of them were understrength. He also had a large number of archers, slingers and 3000–5000 cavalry. All in all Caesar had around 60,000–70,000 soldiers when he arrived at Thapsus. The Optimates had eight Roman and three Numidian legions; around 55,000 legionaries.
Julius Caesar is seen as the main example of Caesarism, a form of political rule led by a charismatic strongman whose rule is based upon a cult of personality, whose rationale is the need to rule by force, establishing a violent social order, and being a regime involving prominence of the military in the government. [291]
First year of the Julian calendar: 710: 44 BC: The assassination of Julius Caesar: 727: 27 BC: Augustus became the first Roman emperor, starting the Principate: 753: 1 BC: Astronomical Year 0 754: AD 1: Approximate birth date of Jesus, approximated by Dionysius Exiguus in AD 525 (AUC 1278) 1000: AD 247: 1,000th Anniversary of the City of Rome ...