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  2. Biogenic sulfide corrosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenic_sulfide_corrosion

    The hydrogen sulfide gas is biochemically oxidized in the presence of moisture to form sulfuric acid. The effect of sulfuric acid on concrete and steel surfaces exposed to severe wastewater environments can be devastating. [1] In the USA alone, corrosion causes sewer asset losses estimated at $14 billion per year. [2]

  3. Hydrogen sulfide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide

    Hydrogen sulfide is also known to increase the levels of glutathione, which acts to reduce or disrupt ROS levels in cells. [33] The field of H 2 S biology has advanced from environmental toxicology to investigate the roles of endogenously produced H 2 S in physiological conditions and in various pathophysiological states. [35]

  4. Simultaneously extracted metals and acid-volatile sulfide

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneously_extracted...

    Sediment samples to be analyzed are first purged with argon or nitrogen gas to ensure they are anoxic. The sample is placed in a flask connected to an apparatus for trapping hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S). Oxygen-free water and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are added, and the sediment is stirred for one hour while argon or nitrogen gas is bubbled ...

  5. Microbial corrosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_corrosion

    It causes cracks to widen and deepen, quickly and efficiently takes root, and promotes calcium oxalate. By causing calcium oxalate, there is an increase in the speed of calcium ion leaching, which lowers the overall strength of concrete. In 90 days, exposure to the fungus resulted in a mass reduction of 7.2% in the concrete.

  6. Formaldehyde - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde

    Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity can elevate levels because formaldehyde has a high vapor pressure. Formaldehyde levels from building materials are the highest when a building first opens because materials would have less time to off-gas. Formaldehyde levels decrease over time as the sources suppress.

  7. Acid mine drainage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage

    Organisms which cause acid mine drainage can thrive in waters with pH very close to zero. Negative pH [11] occurs when water evaporates from already acidic pools thereby increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions. About half of the coal mine discharges in Pennsylvania have pH under 5. [12]

  8. Black powder in gas pipelines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_powder_in_gas_pipelines

    Black powder results from chemical and bacterial reactions within hydrocarbon systems. Bacterially, sulfate-reducing bacteria and acid-producing bacteria are dependent on the reaction of water and iron to form the hydrogen sulfides that cause oxidization and in turn black powder. Chemically, the three primary catalysts of black powder ...

  9. Disinfection by-product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfection_by-product

    In addition to being highly influenced by the types of organic and inorganic matter in the source water, the different species and concentrations of DBPs vary according to the type of disinfectant used, the dose of disinfectant, the concentration of natural organic matter and bromide/iodide, the time since dosing (i.e. water age), temperature ...