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People who have C. gattii infection need to take prescription antifungal medication for at least 6 months; usually the type of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the parts of the body that are affected. For people who have asymptomatic infections or mild-to-moderate pulmonary infections, the treatment is usually fluconazole.
Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs, presenting as a pneumonia, and in the brain, where it appears as a meningitis. [4] [9] Coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain and fever are seen when the lungs are infected. [5]
[1] [7] Systemic fungal infections are more serious and include cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergillosis and mucormycosis. [3] Signs and symptoms range widely. [3] There is usually a rash with superficial infection. [2] Fungal infection within the skin or under the skin may present with a lump and skin changes. [3]
Symptoms can range from mild to extreme—often described as extreme flu-like symptoms. Many symptoms may be associated with fungemia, including pain, acute confusion, chronic fatigue, and infections. Skin infections can include persistent or non-healing wounds and lesions, sweating, itching, and unusual discharge or drainage. [citation needed]
Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for serious fungal infections and leishmaniasis. [3] The fungal infections it is used to treat include mucormycosis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. [4]
The current treatment options for cryptococcosis are not optimal for treatment. [3] AmB is highly toxic to humans, and both fluconazole and flucytosine have been shown to cause development of drug resistanse in C. neoformans. A recent study from 2024 suggested brilacidin as an alternative treatment option. [34]
The Hazelden Clinic in Minnesota is perhaps the most influential treatment center in the country, noted not just for its rehabilitation facilities but for its academic publishing arm. Founded in the late 1940s on a farm, the clinic brought order and professionalism to the 12-step method.
The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasionally photophobia. [1] Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, nausea, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. [1] Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. [1]