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Wi-Fi positioning system (WPS, WiPS or WFPS) is a geolocation system that uses the characteristics of nearby Wi‑Fi access points to discover where a device is located. [1]It is used where satellite navigation such as GPS is inadequate due to various causes including multipath and signal blockage indoors, or where acquiring a satellite fix would take too long. [2]
For the transmit-side matrix it describes the average gain in a spatial transmit direction, while it describes a spatial receive direction for . High spatial correlation is represented by large eigenvalue spread in R T {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathbf {R} _{T}} or R R {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathbf {R} _{R}} , meaning that some spatial ...
Magnetic positioning can offer pedestrians with smartphones an indoor accuracy of 1–2 meters with 90% confidence level, without using the additional wireless infrastructure for positioning. Magnetic positioning is based on the iron inside buildings that create local variations in the Earth's magnetic field.
In wireless communications, channel state information (CSI) is the known channel properties of a communication link.This information describes how a signal propagates from the transmitter to the receiver and represents the combined effect of, for example, scattering, fading, and power decay with distance.
Skyhook was a location technology company based in Boston, Massachusetts, specializing in location positioning. Founded in 2003, Skyhook initially focused on geolocating Wi-Fi access points by wardriving for commercial purposes. Skyhook transitioned to developing hybrid positioning.
Second, historical location can frequently be discerned from service provider records. Thirdly, other devices such as Wi-Fi hotspots or IMSI catchers can be used to track nearby mobile devices in real time. Finally, hybrid positioning systems combine different methods in an attempt to overcome each individual method's shortcomings. [6]
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In 2005, Houri founded Mexens Technology Inc., which developed Navizon, a Wi-Fi and cellular signal triangulation and geolocation system.This system allows mobile devices to pinpoint user location based on nearby Wi-Fi hotspots and cellular towers, offering a solution for outdoor and indoor positioning where GPS signals may be weak. [9]