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  2. Logical consequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence

    The Polish logician Alfred Tarski identified three features of an adequate characterization of entailment: (1) The logical consequence relation relies on the logical form of the sentences: (2) The relation is a priori, i.e., it can be determined with or without regard to empirical evidence (sense experience); and (3) The logical consequence ...

  3. Textual entailment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textual_entailment

    Textual entailment measures natural language understanding as it asks for a semantic interpretation of the text, and due to its generality remains an active area of research. Many approaches and refinements of approaches have been considered, such as word embedding , logical models, graphical models, rule systems, contextual focusing, and ...

  4. Paradoxes of material implication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxes_of_material...

    Under this interpretation, both premises are true, but both clauses of the conclusion are false. The second example can be read "If both switch A and switch B are closed, then the light is on. Therefore, it is either true that if switch A is closed, the light is on, or that if switch B is closed, the light is on."

  5. Entailment (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entailment_(linguistics)

    Linguistic entailments are entailments which arise in natural language.If a sentence A entails a sentence B, sentence A cannot be true without B being true as well. [1] For instance, the English sentence "Pat is a fluffy cat" entails the sentence "Pat is a cat" since one cannot be a fluffy cat without being a cat.

  6. Computational auditory scene analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_auditory...

    While many models consider the audio signal as a complex combination of different frequencies, modeling the auditory system can also require consideration for the neural components. By taking a holistic process, where a stream (of feature-based sounds) correspond to neuronal activity distributed in many brain areas, the perception of the sound ...

  7. Relevance logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_logic

    Relevance logic, also called relevant logic, is a kind of non-classical logic requiring the antecedent and consequent of implications to be relevantly related. They may be viewed as a family of substructural or modal logics.

  8. Strawson entailment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawson_entailment

    Strawson entailment has played an important role in semantic theory since some natural language expressions have been argued to be sensitive to Strawson-entailment rather than pure entailment. For instance, the textbook theory of weak negative polarity items holds that they are licensed only in Strawson- downward entailing environments.

  9. Implicature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicature

    Implicatures can aid in communicating more efficiently than by explicitly saying everything we want to communicate. [1] The philosopher H. P. Grice coined the term in 1975. Grice distinguished conversational implicatures, which arise because speakers are expected to respect general rules of conversation, and conventional ones, which are tied to ...