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Autism is associated with several genetic disorders, [4] perhaps due to an overlap in genetic causes. [5] About 10–15% of autism cases have an identifiable Mendelian (single-gene) condition, chromosome abnormality, or other genetic syndrome, [6] a category referred to as syndromic autism.
Differences in behavioral presentation and gender-stereotypes may make it more challenging to diagnose autism spectrum disorder in a timely manner in females. [19] [20] A notable percentage of autistic females may be misdiagnosed, diagnosed after a considerable delay, or not diagnosed at all. [20]
ASD averages a 4.3:1 male-to-female ratio. The number of children diagnosed with the autism spectrum has increased dramatically since the 1980s, at least partly due to changes in diagnostic practice; it is unclear whether prevalence has actually increased; [3] and as-yet-unidentified environmental risk factors cannot be ruled out. [4]
Media portrayals of autism and violence negatively influence public opinion on autism [27] and foster negative impressions of autistic people by linking ASD with criminal behavior. [33] For example, an analysis of 100 French and Italian works of children's and young people's literature published between 1995 and 2005 featuring a main character ...
A 2019 analysis of perinatal and neonatal risk factors found that autism was associated with abnormal fetal positioning, umbilical cord complications, low 5-minute Apgar score, low birth weight and gestation duration, fetal distress, meconium aspiration syndrome, trauma or injury during birth, maternal hemorrhaging, multiple birth, feeding ...
ABA focuses on teaching adaptive behaviors like social skills, play skills, or communication skills [19] [20] and diminishing problematic behaviors like self-injury. [21] This is done by creating a specialized plan that uses behavioral therapy techniques, such as positive or negative reinforcement, to encourage or discourage certain behaviors ...
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
Asperger syndrome and autism tend to get undiagnosed or delayed recognition and delayed diagnosis [88] [89] or misdiagnosed. [90] Delayed or mistaken diagnosis can be traumatic for individuals and families; for example, misdiagnosis can lead to medications that worsen behavior. [91] [92]