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Because tin is used in solder, it is crucial to computers, smartphones, and all other electronic equipment. (For example, the Apple iPad uses 1–3 grams of tin in its 7000 solder points.) According to Apple Inc., tin is the most common metal used by that company's suppliers. [9]
World consumption of refined tin by end-use, 2006. In 2018, just under half of all tin produced was used in solder. The rest was divided between tin plating, tin chemicals, brass and bronze alloys, and niche uses. [75]
Its use began in the Middle East and the Balkans around 3000 BC. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with about two parts per million (ppm), compared to iron with 50,000 ppm, copper with 70 ppm, lead with 16 ppm, arsenic with 5 ppm, silver with 0.1 ppm, and gold with 0.005 ppm. [1]
Tin production (tonnes) by country ; Country (or area) Production World 310,000 China * 85,000 Indonesia * 80,000 Myanmar * 54,000 Peru * 18,500 Bolivia 17,000
In this context, TiN is classified as a "barrier metal" (electrical resistivity ~ 25 μΩ·cm [2]), even though it is clearly a ceramic from the perspective of chemistry or mechanical behavior. Recent chip design in the 45 nm technology and beyond also makes use of TiN as a "metal" for improved transistor performance.
Pewter (/ ˈ p juː t ər /) is a malleable metal alloy consisting of tin (85–99%), antimony (approximately 5–10%), copper (2%), bismuth, and sometimes silver. [1] In the past, it was an alloy of tin and lead , but most modern pewter, in order to prevent lead poisoning , is not made with lead.
The can saw very little change since then, although better technology brought 20% reduction in the use of steel, and 50% - in the use of tin [7] (the modern cans are 99.5% steel). [ 9 ] Canned food in tin cans was already quite popular in various countries when technological advancements in the 1920s lowered the cost of the cans even further.
The rods and caps would have shims that could be peeled off as the Babbitt wore down. Ford was known to use two 0.002" on each cap and Babbitt that was 86% tin, 7% copper, 7% antimony (see the KRW catalogs for the Model T). Steel shims were used, as the brass shims used today tend to compress over time, contributing to shorter bearing life. The ...