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  2. Stock and flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_and_flow

    In Earth system science, many stock and flow problems arise, such as in the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the water cycle, and Earth's energy budget. Thus stocks and flows are the basic building blocks of system dynamics models. Jay Forrester originally referred to them as "levels" rather than stocks, together with "rates" or "rates of flow ...

  3. Conserved quantity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserved_quantity

    A conserved quantity is a property or value that remains constant over time in a system even when changes occur in the system. In mathematics, a conserved quantity of a dynamical system is formally defined as a function of the dependent variables, the value of which remains constant along each trajectory of the system.

  4. Conservation law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_law

    With respect to classical physics, conservation laws include conservation of energy, mass (or matter), linear momentum, angular momentum, and electric charge. With respect to particle physics, particles cannot be created or destroyed except in pairs, where one is ordinary and the other is an antiparticle.

  5. What are stock buybacks and why do companies use them? - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/stock-buybacks-why-companies...

    To undertake a stock buyback, a company typically announces a “repurchase authorization,” which details the size of the repurchase, either in terms of the number of shares it might buy, a ...

  6. Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navier–Stokes_existence...

    In mathematics, the Navier–Stokes equations are a system of nonlinear partial differential equations for abstract vector fields of any size. In physics and engineering, they are a system of equations that model the motion of liquids or non-rarefied gases (in which the mean free path is short enough so that it can be thought of as a continuum mean instead of a collection of particles) using ...

  7. Lists of physics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_physics_equations

    In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.

  8. Inventory theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_theory

    Material theory (or more formally the mathematical theory of inventory and production) is the sub-specialty within operations research and operations management that is concerned with the design of production/inventory systems to minimize costs: it studies the decisions faced by firms and the military in connection with manufacturing, warehousing, supply chains, spare part allocation and so on ...

  9. Physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics

    The distinction between mathematics and physics is clear-cut, but not always obvious, especially in mathematical physics. Ontology is a prerequisite for physics, but not for mathematics. It means physics is ultimately concerned with descriptions of the real world, while mathematics is concerned with abstract patterns, even beyond the real world.