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In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is [ 2 ] [ 3 ] f ( x ) = 1 2 π σ 2 e − ( x − μ ) 2 2 σ 2 . {\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \sigma ^{2 ...
This function is known as a super-Gaussian function and is often used for Gaussian beam formulation. [5] This function may also be expressed in terms of the full width at half maximum (FWHM), represented by w : f ( x ) = A exp ( − ln 2 ( 4 ( x − x 0 ) 2 w 2 ) P ) . {\displaystyle f(x)=A\exp \left(-\ln 2\left(4{\frac {(x-x_{0})^{2 ...
If () is a general scalar-valued function of a normal vector, its probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and inverse cumulative distribution function can be computed with the numerical method of ray-tracing (Matlab code). [17]
In mathematical physics and probability and statistics, the Gaussian q-distribution is a family of probability distributions that includes, as limiting cases, the uniform distribution and the normal (Gaussian) distribution. It was introduced by Diaz and Teruel. [clarification needed] It is a q-analog of the Gaussian or normal distribution.
The probability density function for the random matrix X (n × p) that follows the matrix normal distribution , (,,) has the form: (,,) = ([() ()]) / | | / | | /where denotes trace and M is n × p, U is n × n and V is p × p, and the density is understood as the probability density function with respect to the standard Lebesgue measure in , i.e.: the measure corresponding to integration ...
The chi-squared distribution, which is the sum of the squares of n independent Gaussian random variables. It is a special case of the Gamma distribution, and it is used in goodness-of-fit tests in statistics. The inverse-chi-squared distribution; The noncentral chi-squared distribution; The scaled inverse chi-squared distribution; The Dagum ...
Cumulative distribution function for the exponential distribution Cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution. In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable, or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that will take a value less than or equal to .
So there is no strong reason to prefer the "generalized" normal distribution of type 1, e.g. over a combination of Student-t and a normalized extended Irwin–Hall – this would include e.g. the triangular distribution (which cannot be modeled by the generalized Gaussian type 1). A symmetric distribution which can model both tail (long and ...