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The HTR-PM is a high-temperature gas-cooled (HTGR) pebble-bed reactor. While the German AVR and THTR-300, operating from 1969 to 1988, were the first pebble-bed reactors and operated at similar temperatures, the HTR-PM is the first such design using modular construction and the second small modular reactor, following Russia's Akademik Lomonosov floating plant in 2019.
A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is a type of gas-cooled nuclear reactor which uses uranium fuel and graphite moderation to produce very high reactor core output temperatures. [1] All existing HTGR reactors use helium coolant. The reactor core can be either a "prismatic block" (reminiscent of a conventional reactor core) or a ...
The HTR-PM is a high-temperature gas-cooled (HTGR) pebble-bed generation IV reactor partly based on the earlier HTR-10 prototype reactor. [70] The reactor unit has a thermal capacity of 250 MW, and two reactors are connected to a single steam turbine to generate 210 MW of electricity. [70]
Sketch of a pebble-bed reactor. The pebble-bed reactor (PBR) is a design for a graphite-moderated, gas-cooled nuclear reactor. It is a type of very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR), one of the six classes of nuclear reactors in the Generation IV initiative. Graphite pebble for reactor. The basic design features spherical fuel elements called ...
HTR-10 is a pebble-bed high-temperature gas reactor utilizing spherical fuel elements with ceramic coated fuel particles. The reactor core has a diameter of 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in), a mean height of 1.97 metres (6 ft 6 in) and the volume of 5.0 cubic metres (180 cu ft), and is surrounded by graphite reflectors .
The technology is currently being developed mainly in China who currently operate a 10 MW test reactor of this type. The Chinese are, as of 2015, building a commercial pebble-bed reactor: HTR-PM, with two 100MWe reactors. [2] One achieved a sustained chain reaction (criticality) in Sept 2021. [2]
Active fuel length is the length of the fuel material in a fuel element. This is the Total rod length minus the plenum length and end plugs.. The fuel element or assembly is arranged in an array of cells or bundles.
Reactor two achieved first criticality in November 2021. [14] Reactor one was connected to the state power grid and began producing power in December 2021 [15] The HTR-PM project demonstrated it had reached "initial full power" in December 2022. [16] The HTR-PM project finally entered commercial operation in December 2023. [17]