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A contingent convertible bond (CoCo), also known as an enhanced capital note (ECN), [1] is a fixed-income instrument that is convertible into equity if a pre-specified trigger event occurs. [2] The concept of CoCo has been particularly discussed in the context of crisis management in the banking industry. [ 3 ]
The 3 main stages of convertible bond behaviour are: In-the-money: Conversion Price is < Equity Price. At-the-money: Conversion Price is = Equity Price. Out-the-money: Conversion Price is > Equity Price. From a valuation perspective, a convertible bond consists of two assets: a bond and a warrant. Valuing a convertible requires an assumption of
Contingent claim valuation is also used to value specific balance sheet assets and liabilities which similarly exhibit option like characteristics. [13] Examples are employee stock options, warrants and other convertible securities, and investments with embedded options such as callable bonds or contingent convertible bonds.
Investment banks then decided to add features to the basic convertible bond, such as increased income in exchange for limits on the convertibility of the stock, or principal protection. These extra features were all strategies investors could perform themselves using options and other derivatives, except that they were prepackaged as one product.
ISO 10962, known as Classification of Financial Instruments (CFI), is a six-letter-code used in the financial services industry to classify and describe the structure and function of a financial instrument (in the form of security or contract) as part of the instrument reference data.
Convertible bond; Reverse convertible bond; Convertible preferred stock; Asset-linked bond: Although a bond with an asset warrant is a type of convertible security, regular warrants are not. A regular warrant provides an equity option, where the holder may opt to buy newly issued shares at a determined exercise price and date.
Moreover, if cash is expected to be used within one year after the balance sheet date it can be classified as "current asset", but in a longer period of time it is mentioned as non- current asset. For example, a large machine manufacturing company receives an advance payment from its customer for a machine that should be produced and shipped to ...
Securities other than bonds that may have embedded options include senior equity, convertible preferred stock and exchangeable preferred stock. See Convertible security. [citation needed] The valuation of these securities couples bond-or equity-valuation, as appropriate, with option pricing. For bonds here, there are two main approaches, as ...