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Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation, Koasek Abenaki Tribe, Elnu Abenaki Tribe, and the Missisquoi Abenaki Tribe are, as of 2011, all state-recognized tribes in the United States. The Missisquoi Abenaki applied for federal recognition as an Indian tribe in the 1980s but failed to meet four of the seven criteria.
The Wabanaki Confederacy (Wabenaki, Wobanaki, translated to "People of the Dawn" or "Easterner"; also: Wabanakia, "Dawnland" [1]) is a North American First Nations and Native American confederation of five principal Eastern Algonquian nations: the Abenaki, Mi'kmaq, Wolastoqiyik, Passamaquoddy (Peskotomahkati) and Penobscot.
The latter said that the Penobscot had died because they did not believe in Jesus Christ. [5] At the beginning of the 17th century, Europeans began to live year-round in Wabanaki territory. [5] At this time, there were probably about 10,000 Penobscot (a number which fell to below 500 by the early 19th century). [7]
An audience filled the University of Vermont's Livak Ballroom for Thursday evening's presentation on Vermont Abenakis. As seen on April 25, 2024.
Historian David Stewart-Smith suggests that the Penacook were Central Abenaki people. [4] Their southern neighbors were the Massachusett and Wampanoag. [5]Pennacook territory bordered the Connecticut River in the West, Lake Winnipesauke in the north, the Piscataqua to the east, and the villages of the closely allied Pawtucket confederation along the southern Merrimack River to the south.
In Abenaki mythology the highest deity is Gici Niwaskw, also referred to by the titles of Tabaldak or Dabaldak, meaning Lord, and Niwaskowôgan, meaning Great Spirit. According to the creation myth, there existed no sound or color prior until Gici Niwaskw desired it and began the process of creating the world.
The Abenaki people at one time were forced to grow American crops but secretly cultivated them by saving seeds and passing them down generationally.
Odanak is the site of the Musée des Abénakis (Abenaki Museum), dedicated to the history, culture, and art of the Western Abenaki people. Alanis Obomsawin (Abenaki), is a filmmaker who grew up in Odanak. Her documentary, Waban-Aki: People from Where the Sun Rises [21] (2006) is a tribute to the people of St. Francis.