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In early engines with multiple cylinder banks – such as V6, V8, or flat-6 engines – each bank was typically made of one or multiple separate cylinder blocks. Since the 1930s, mass production methods have developed to allow both banks of cylinders to be integrated into the same cylinder block.
Alusil as a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy (EN AC-AlSi17Cu4Mg / EN AC-48100 or A390) contains approximately 78% aluminium and 17% silicon. [1] [2] This alloy was theoretically conceived in 1927 by Schweizer & Fehrenbach, [3] of Badener Metall-Waren-Fabrik, [4] but practically created only by Lancia [5] in the same year, for its car engines.
All engines developed within this family have aluminium cylinder block and head, 4 valves per cylinder, double overhead camshaft layouts, and MIVEC continuous variable valve timing. All variations of 4B1 engine share the same engine block with a 96 mm bore pitch. The difference in displacement is achieved by variance in bore and stroke. [4]
Many internal combustion engines use cast iron and steel extensively for their strength and low cost. Aluminum offers lighter weight at the expense of strength, hardness and often cost. However, with care it can be substituted for many of the components and is widely used. Aluminum crank cases, cylinder blocks, heads and pistons are commonplace.
The engine was only used in the Saturn S-series line of vehicles (SL, SC, SW) from 1991 through 2002. It was available in chain-driven SOHC or DOHC variants. This was an innovative engine for the time using the lost foam casting process for the engine block and cylinder head. Saturn was one of the first to use this casting process in a full ...
Cylinder liners (also known as sleeves) are thin metal cylinder-shaped parts which are inserted into the engine block to form the inner wall of the cylinder. [4] [5] Alternatively, an engine can be 'sleeveless', where the cylinder walls are formed by the engine block with a wear-resistant coating, such as Nikasil or plasma-sprayed bores.
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73.4–92.8 mm (2.89–3.65 in) Cylinder block material: Gray cast iron: Cylinder head material: Cast aluminium alloy: Valvetrain: 2-, 4-, or 5-valve [4] valves per cylinder, hydraulic valve lifters, belt-driven as single overhead camshaft (SOHC) or dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) Compression ratio: 8.0:1-10.5:1: Combustion; Fuel system ...