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If a sponge contains spicules along with organic compounds, the likelihood of those sponges being consumed by spongivores decrease. [10] Sponges have also developed aposematism to help avoid predation. Spongivores have learned four things about sponges aposematism and they are as follows: If it is poison some predators will not eat it
The term sponge derives from the Ancient Greek word σπόγγος spóngos. [9] The scientific name Porifera is a neuter plural of the Modern Latin term porifer, which comes from the roots porus meaning "pore, opening", and -fer meaning "bearing or carrying".
All sponges in this class are strictly marine, and, while they are distributed worldwide, most are found in shallow tropical waters. Like nearly all other sponges, they are sedentary filter feeders. All three sponge body plans (asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid) can be found within the class Calcarea. Typically, calcareous sponges are small ...
Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include greater than 90% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). [5] They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite [citation ...
The algae help facilitate oxygen and food uptake for the sponge, while the sponge provides the algae a surface to live on. The gemmules of Spongilla lacustris inside the original parent sponge. The texture of the sponge itself is soft. The ostia (dermal pores) let water into the sponge to be filtered. The oscula is the hole from which water exits.
They are found in all oceans of the world, although they are particularly common in Antarctic and Northern Pacific waters. [ 3 ] They are more-or-less cup-shaped animals, ranging from 10 to 30 centimetres (3.9 to 11.8 in) in height, with sturdy skeletons made of glass -like silica spicules , fused to form a lattice.
The erect rope sponge used to be classified as Haliclona rubens, but this was determined to be a synonym of Haliclona compressa. [1] This name, however, is no longer accepted, and the World Porifera Database lists this species as Amphimedon compressa – Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864.
Homoscleromorpha are exclusively marine sponges that tend to encrust on other surfaces at shallow depths. These sponges typically inhabit shady locations, under overhangs and inside caves. In the Mediterranean Sea, 82% of the species in this taxon can be found in caves, and 41% of them are found nowhere else. [10]