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ECT can be used in the treatment for those with major depressive disorder, depressed bipolar disorder, manic bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, manic excitement and catatonia. [7] "Decision to conduct ECT therapy usually comes after there has been failure in other forms of treatment, including medication and psychotherapy". [7]
The usual course of ECT involves multiple administrations, typically given two or three times per week until the patient no longer has symptoms. ECT is administered under anesthesia with a muscle relaxant. [7] ECT can differ in its application in three ways: electrode placement, treatment frequency, and the electrical waveform of the stimulus.
Kitty Dukakis, wife of former Massachusetts governor and 1988 Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis and author of Shock, [13] a book chronicling her experiences with ECT [14] Thomas Eagleton, US senator and vice presidential candidate [15] Eduard Einstein (28 July 1910 – 25 October 1965) Albert Einstein's second son had ECT.
David John Impastato (January 8, 1903 – February 28, 1986) was an American neuropsychiatrist who pioneered the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the United States. A treatment for mental illness initially called "electroshock," ECT was developed in 1937 by Dr. Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini, working in Rome.
Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. [1] In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. [2]
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A portable Faradic battery by Philip Harris & Co. from 1913. A Faradic battery (or Faradic stimulator, or galvanic battery) was a device used in 19th and early 20th century medicine.
Robert Galbraith Heath (May 9, 1915 – September 21, 1999) was an American psychiatrist. [1] [2] He followed the theory of biological psychiatry, which holds that organic defects are the sole source of mental illness, [3] and that consequently mental problems are treatable by physical means.