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If a chest tube clogs when there is an air leak the patient will develop a pneumothorax. This can be life-threatening. [12] Here, digital chest drainage systems can provide real time information as they monitor intra-pleural pressure and air leak flow, constantly. [13]
The simplest system that is sufficient for chest drainage is a one-chamber system. It uses either a Heber-drain or an active suction source and comprises a single collection canister. For active or passive air evacuation, a water seal component is attached. To ensure that all air is sucked out when using a Heber-drain, manual support might be ...
To counteract these disruptions, a chest tube which is attached to a drainage system consisting of a collection chamber, one-way water valve and suction chamber is inserted into the patient. This enables air and fluid to be unidirectionally extracted from the pleural cavity. [36]
Complications are not common but include infection, lung abscess, and bronchopleural fistula (a fistula between the pleural space and the bronchial tree). [4] A bronchopleural fistula results when there is a communication between the laceration, a bronchiole, and the pleura; it can cause air to leak into the pleural space despite the placement of a chest tube. [4]
Upon completion of the surgical procedure, the chest is closed. One or more chest tubes—with one end inside the opened pleural cavity and the other submerged under saline solution inside a sealed container, forming an airtight drainage system—are necessary to remove air and fluid from the pleural cavity, preventing the development of ...
Air is trapped in the chest cavity outside the lungs (pneumothorax) in about 70% of TBI. [4] [10] Especially strong evidence that TBI has occurred is failure of a pneumothorax to resolve even when a chest tube is placed to rid the chest cavity of the air; it shows that air is continually leaking into the chest cavity from the site of the tear. [11]
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In a larger pneumothorax, or if there is shortness of breath, the air may be removed with a syringe or a chest tube connected to a one-way valve system. [3] Occasionally, surgery may be required if tube drainage is unsuccessful, or as a preventive measure, if there have been repeated episodes. [ 3 ]