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Zimbabwe is a one party dominant state, the dominant party being the Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front. Opposition parties are permitted, including the MDC Alliance led by Nelson Chamisa and the MDC–T led by Thokozani Khuphe, both formations of the original Movement for Democratic Change created in 1999.
The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. [1] The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party. [1]
Zimbabwe Rhodesia came under the temporary control of Britain, and a Commonwealth monitoring force was convened to supervise fresh elections, in which ZANU and ZAPU would take part for the first time. ZANU won, and, with Mugabe as Prime Minister, formed the first government of Zimbabwe following its recognised independence on 18 April 1980. [73]
Zimbabwe African National Congress; ERA Zimbabwe; A Road to Freedom Progress and Success (ARFPS) African People's Congress; Democratic Assembly for Restoration and Empowerment; FreeZim Congress; Freedom Justice Coalition Zimbabwe Party [1] International Socialist Organisation; Labour, Economist and Afrikan Democrats (LEAD) Liberal Democrats [2]
Party ZANU–PF Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front: MDC Movement for Democratic Change: MDC–T Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai: MDC A Movement for Democratic Change Alliance: CCC Citizens Coalition for Change
The Registrar-General of Elections refused to put the party's intended logo on ballot papers because it contained an image of an AK47 rifle and he considered it detrimental to public order. [13] ZANU-PF posters were confiscated if they were considered inflammatory, and many party activists and some candidates were arrested. [ 14 ]
General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 23 March 1990 to elect the president and Parliament. They were the first elections to be contested under the amended constitution of 1987, which established an elected executive presidency and abolished the Senate.
This size of 100 seats was used for two elections, the 1980 election held immediately before independence and the 1985 election. The 1990 election was the first election after the abolition of the white-reserved seats, and also expanded the House of Assembly to 120 seats, a size which was retained for the 1995 and 2000 elections.