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The most reactive metals, such as sodium, will react with cold water to produce hydrogen and the metal hydroxide: . 2 Na (s) + 2 H 2 O (l) →2 NaOH (aq) + H 2 (g). Metals in the middle of the reactivity series, such as iron, will react with acids such as sulfuric acid (but not water at normal temperatures) to give hydrogen and a metal salt, such as iron(II) sulfate:
Nitric acid reacts with most metals, but the details depend on the concentration of the acid and the nature of the metal. Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in its reaction with most metals. Magnesium, manganese, and zinc liberate H 2: Mg + 2 HNO 3 → Mg(NO 3) 2 + H 2 Mn + 2 HNO 3 → Mn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 Zn + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2
Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [ b ] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.
In chemistry, azide (/ ˈ eɪ z aɪ d /, AY-zyd) is a linear, polyatomic anion with the formula N − 3 and structure − N=N + =N −.It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid HN 3. Organic azides are organic compounds with the formula RN 3, containing the azide functional group. [1]
More generally, the term can be applied to any desymmetrizing reaction where two molecules of one type react to give one each of two different types: [3] 2 A → A' + A" This expanded definition is not limited to redox reactions, but also includes some molecular autoionization reactions, such as the self-ionization of water.
In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.
Magnesium has a mild reaction with cold water. The reaction is short-lived because the magnesium hydroxide layer formed on the magnesium is almost insoluble in water and prevents further reaction. Mg(s) + 2H 2 O(l) Mg(OH) 2 (s) + H 2 (g) [11] A metal reacting with cold water will produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
In the absence of isotopic labeling, the reaction is degenerate, meaning that the free energy change is zero. Rates vary over many orders of magnitude. Rates vary over many orders of magnitude. The main factor affecting rates is charge: highly charged metal aquo cations exchange their water more slowly than singly charged cations.