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"FOB destination" means the transfer occurs the moment the goods are removed from the transport at the destination. "FOB origin" (also sometimes phrased as "FOB shipping" or "FOB shipping point") indicates that the sale is considered complete at the seller's shipping dock, and thus the buyer of the goods is responsible for freight costs and ...
Uniform delivered pricing is the opposite of the FOB origin pricing, as the same price is quoted to all customers. The transportation costs are averaged across all buyers, and the nearby customers are in effect subsidizing the faraway ones (paying more for the delivery than it costs the seller, the difference is called the phantom freight).
The term "cost, insurance, freight" or "c.i.f." predates the introduction of Incoterms. Craighall noted in a 1919 article that in "earlier times" the initials were usually written "C. F. & I.": he quotes the phrase "C. F. & I. by steamer to N.Y." used in a shipping contract addressed in the New York State case of Mee v. McNider (1886).
FOB Origin or FOB Destination can be followed by Freight terms: "Freight Prepaid" or "Freight Collect". "Prepaid" means the vendor pays freight and "Collect" means the buyer pays freight. Be careful: You should use the INCOTERM CFR: Cost of Freight (Named Port), CIF - Cost of Insurance and Freight and CIP: Carriage, Insurance Paid (Named Port).
If it is a destination contract (FOB (buyer's city)), then risk of loss is on the seller. If it is a delivery contract (standard, or FOB (seller's city)), then the risk of loss is on the buyer. In cases not covered by the foregoing rules, if the seller is a merchant, then the risk of loss shifts to the buyer upon buyer's "receipt" of the goods.
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A received-for-shipment bill of lading denotes that merchandise has been received, but is not guaranteed to have already been loaded onto a shipping vessel.(Typically, it will be issued by a freight-forwarder at a port or depot). Such bills can be converted upon being loaded.
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