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Arthur Cecil Pigou (/ ˈ p iː ɡ uː /; 18 November 1877 – 7 March 1959) was an English economist. As a teacher and builder of the School of Economics at the University of Cambridge , he trained and influenced many Cambridge economists who went on to take chairs of economics around the world.
The Minister of Higher Education and Research (formerly Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation or Ministre de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation) is a cabinet position in the French Government overseeing university-level education and research.
This page is a list of French education ministers.. A governmental position overseeing public education was first created in France in 1802. Following the various regime changes in France in the first decades of the 19th century, the position changed official status and name a number of times before the position of Minister of Public Instruction was created in 1828.
He explained that firms operate at less than full capacity due to falling demand curves and maximization of profits at a certain output level. Robinson highlights the limitations and simplifications made in Pigou's analysis, particularly in terms of assumptions about demand conditions and the concept of price policy in manufacturing industries. [1]
An example sometimes cited is a subsidy for the provision of flu vaccines and the public goods (such as education and national defense), research & development, etc. [6] [7] Pigouvian taxes are named after English economist Arthur Cecil Pigou (1877–1959), who also developed the concept of economic externalities.
The Pigou effect was first popularised by Arthur Cecil Pigou in 1943, in The Classical Stationary State an article in the Economic Journal. [4] He had proposed the link from balances to consumption earlier, and Gottfried Haberler had made a similar objection the year after the General Theory's publication. [5]
Note: The surname Pigou forms part of the terms Pigou Club and Pigouvian tax, both derived from the name of the English economist Arthur Cecil Pigou. Pigou is an English surname of Huguenot derivation. The Pigou family originated from Amiens in France. The name was related to pique or pike, and the Pigou arms consist of three pike heads.
French filmmaker Stéphane Brizé (second from the right) in Buenos Aires in 2019, at an event supported by Institut français d'Argentine. The Institut Français (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃stity fʁɑ̃sɛ]; French capitalization, Institut français; "French institute") is a French public industrial and commercial organization (EPIC).