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The iliac tubercle is located approximately 5 cm (2 in) posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine on the iliac crest in humans. [1] The transverse plane that includes each of the tubercles (one from the left iliac tubercle and one from the right iliac tubercle) is called the transtubercular plane .
Neurobiologists have often had great difficulty distinguishing the VTA in humans and other primate brains from the substantia nigra (SN) and surrounding nuclei. Originally, the ventral tegmental area was designated as a ‘nucleus’, but over time ‘area’ became the more appropriate term used because of the heterogeneous cytoarchitectonic features of the region and the lack of clear ...
It refers to the anterior extremity of the iliac crest of the pelvis. It provides attachment for the inguinal ligament, and the sartorius muscle. [1] The tensor fasciae latae muscle attaches to the lateral aspect of the superior anterior iliac spine, and also about 5 cm away at the iliac tubercle. [2] [3]
The AON is found behind the olfactory bulb and in front of the piriform cortex (laterally) and olfactory tubercle (medially) in the olfactory tract (also olfactory peduncle) or retrobulbar area. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The peduncle contains the AON as well as two other much smaller regions, the ventral and dorsal tenia tecta .
The primary olfactory cortex is in the inferior part of the temporal lobe of the brain. [1] It involves the anterior olfactory nucleus, [2] the piriform cortex, [2] the olfactory tubercle, [2] part of the amygdala, [2] part of the entorhinal cortex, [2] [3] and the periamygdaloid cortex. [2] [4] Some sources state that it also includes the ...
It is thinner at the center than at the extremities, and ends in the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines. The surface of the crest is broad, and divided into external and internal lips, and an intermediate line. About 5 cm behind the anterior superior iliac spine there is a prominent tubercle on the outer lip.
The mesolimbic pathway transmits dopamine from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is located in the midbrain, to the ventral striatum, which includes both the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. [5] [6] The "meso" prefix in the word "mesolimbic" refers to the midbrain, or "middle brain", since "meso" means "middle" in Greek.
The olfactory tubercle is a multi-sensory processing center due to the number of innervations going to and from other brain regions such as the amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, brain stem, auditory and visual sensory fibers, and a number of structures in the reward–arousal system, as well as the olfactory cortex. Due to its many ...