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Spring back compensation is used in metal forming to ensure that the final shape assumed by a piece of metal after being removed from a forming tool is the shape desired. Typically, when metal is being formed at room temperature, it will undergo both plastic and elastic deformation .
By default they use a Carrier sensing mechanism called exponential backoff (or Distributed coordination function), that relies upon a station attempting to 'listen' for another station's broadcast before sending. CA, or PCF relies upon the AP (or the 'receiver' for Ad hoc networks) granting a station the exclusive right to transmit for a given ...
Exponential backoff is an algorithm that uses feedback to multiplicatively decrease the rate of some process, in order to gradually find an acceptable rate.
(In the language of sheaves, pullback defines a morphism from the sheaf of smooth functions on to the direct image by of the sheaf of smooth functions on .) More generally, if f : N → A {\displaystyle f:N\to A} is a smooth map from N {\displaystyle N} to any other manifold A {\displaystyle A} , then ( ϕ ∗ f ) ( x ) = f ( ϕ ( x ...
Distributed coordination function (DCF) is the fundamental medium access control (MAC) technique of the IEEE 802.11-based WLAN standard (including Wi-Fi).DCF employs a carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) with the binary exponential backoff algorithm.
The pullback bundle is an example that bridges the notion of a pullback as precomposition, and the notion of a pullback as a Cartesian square.In that example, the base space of a fiber bundle is pulled back, in the sense of precomposition, above.
The pullback of bundles then corresponds to the inverse image of sheaves, which is a contravariant functor. A sheaf, however, is more naturally a covariant object, since it has a pushforward, called the direct image of a sheaf. The tension and interplay between bundles and sheaves, or inverse and direct image, can be advantageous in many areas ...
Direct image sheaf, the pushforward of a sheaf by a map; Fiberwise integral, the direct image of a differential form or cohomology by a smooth map, defined by "integration on the fibres" Transfer operator, the pushforward on the space of measurable functions; its adjoint, the pull-back, is the composition or Koopman operator