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In vertebrate embryos, the ectoderm can be divided into two parts: the dorsal surface ectoderm also known as the external ectoderm, and the neural plate, which invaginates to form the neural tube and neural crest. [4] The surface ectoderm gives rise to most epithelial tissues, and the neural plate gives rise to most neural tissues.
Mesoderm cells condense to form a rod which will send out signals to redirect the ectoderm cells above. This fold along the neural tube sets up the vertebrate central nervous system. The endoderm is the inner most germ layer of the embryo which gives rise to gastrointestinal and respiratory organs by forming epithelial linings and organs such ...
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The ectoderm generates the outer layer of the embryo, and it forms from the embryo's epiblast. [13] The ectoderm develops into the surface ectoderm, neural crest, and the neural tube. [14] The surface ectoderm develops into: epidermis, hair, nails, lens of the eye, sebaceous glands, cornea, tooth enamel, the epithelium of the mouth and nose.
The ectoderm divides to form a flat layer of cells on the surface known as the periderm. Further division forms the individual layers of the epidermis. The mesenchyme that will form the dermis is derived from three sources: The mesenchyme that forms the dermis in the limbs and body wall derives from the lateral plate mesoderm
In embryogenesis, the skeletal system is derived from the mesoderm and ectoderm germ layers. Chondrification (also known as chondrogenesis) is the process by which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue, [2] which differentiates into chondrocytes and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix.
Germ layers are typically pronounced within vertebrate organisms; however, animals or mammals more complex than sponges (eumetazoans and agnotozoans) produce two or three primary tissue layers. Animals with radial symmetry , such as cnidarians , produce two layers, called the ectoderm and endoderm .
Neuroectoderm (or neural ectoderm or neural tube epithelium) consists of cells derived from the ectoderm. Formation of the neuroectoderm is the first step in the development of the nervous system . [ 1 ]