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  2. SQLAlchemy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLAlchemy

    SQLAlchemy is an open-source Python library that provides an SQL toolkit (called "SQLAlchemy Core") and an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) for database interactions. It allows developers to work with databases using Python objects, enabling efficient and flexible database access.

  3. Tinbergen's four questions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinbergen's_four_questions

    Tinbergen's four questions, named after 20th century biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, are complementary categories of explanations for animal behaviour. These are also commonly referred to as levels of analysis. [1] It suggests that an integrative understanding of behaviour must include ultimate (evolutionary) explanations, in particular:

  4. Explanandum and explanans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanandum_and_Explanans

    An explanandum (a Latin term) is a sentence describing a phenomenon that is to be explained, and the explanans are the sentences adduced as explanations of that phenomenon. [1] For example, one person may pose an explanandum by asking "Why is there smoke?", and another may provide an explanans by responding "Because there is a fire".

  5. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

    In philosophy, Occam's razor (also spelled Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: novacula Occami) is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching for explanations constructed with the smallest possible set of elements.

  6. Missing square puzzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_square_puzzle

    Animation of the missing square puzzle, showing the two arrangements of the pieces and the "missing" square Both "total triangles" are in a perfect 13×5 grid; and both the "component triangles", the blue in a 5×2 grid and the red in an 8×3 grid.

  7. Abiogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis

    The three main structures composed of phospholipids form spontaneously by self-assembly in solution: the liposome (a closed bilayer), the micelle and the bilayer. The largest unanswered question in evolution is how simple protocells first arose and differed in reproductive contribution to the following generation, thus initiating the evolution ...

  8. Hilbert's problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert's_problems

    In discussing his opinion that every mathematical problem should have a solution, Hilbert allows for the possibility that the solution could be a proof that the original problem is impossible. [ d ] He stated that the point is to know one way or the other what the solution is, and he believed that we always can know this, that in mathematics ...

  9. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_Accepted...

    Conservatism principle: When choosing between two solutions, the one which has the less favorable outcome is the solution which should be chosen (see convention of conservatism) Cost constraint: The benefits of reporting financial information should justify and be greater than the costs imposed on supplying it.