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  2. Geocentric model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_model

    The geocentric model was the predominant description of the cosmos in many European ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle in Classical Greece and Ptolemy in Roman Egypt, as well as during the Islamic Golden Age.

  3. Almagest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagest

    An edition in Latin of the Almagestum in 1515. The Almagest (/ ˈ æ l m ə dʒ ɛ s t / AL-mə-jest) is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy (c. AD 100 – c. 170) in Koine Greek. [1]

  4. History of the center of the Universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_center_of...

    This understanding was accompanied by models of the Universe that depicted the Sun, Moon, stars, and naked eye planets circling the spherical Earth, including the noteworthy models of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics) and Ptolemy. [8] This geocentric model was the dominant model from the 4th century BC until the 17th century AD.

  5. Deferent and epicycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle

    The Tychonic model was a hybrid model that blended the geocentric and heliocentric characteristics, with a still Earth that has the sun and moon surrounding it, and the planets orbiting the Sun. To Brahe, the idea of a revolving and moving Earth was impossible, and the scripture should be always paramount and respected. [ 33 ]

  6. Primum Mobile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primum_Mobile

    In classical, medieval, and Renaissance astronomy, the Primum Mobile (Latin: "first movable") was the outermost moving sphere in the geocentric model of the universe. [ 1 ] The concept was introduced by Ptolemy to account for the apparent daily motion of the heavens around the Earth, producing the east-to-west rising and setting of the sun and ...

  7. Equant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equant

    Between Hipparchus's model and Ptolemy's there was an intermediate model that was proposed to account for the motion of planets in general based on the observed motion of Mars. In this model, the deferent had a center that was also the equant, that could be moved along the deferent's line of symmetry in order to match to a planet's retrograde ...

  8. Historical models of the Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_models_of_the...

    In 1588, Tycho Brahe publishes his own Tychonic system, a blend between the Ptolemy's classical geocentric model and Copernicus' heliocentric model, in which the Sun and the Moon revolve around the Earth, in the center of universe, and all other planets revolve around the Sun. [69] It was an attempt to conciliate his religious beliefs with ...

  9. Celestial spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_spheres

    An introduction to Ptolemy's Almagest, the Tashil al-Majisti, believed to be written by Thābit ibn Qurra, presented minor variations of Ptolemy's distances to the celestial spheres. [33] In his Zij , Al-Battānī presented independent calculations of the distances to the planets on the model of nesting spheres, which he thought was due to ...