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The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. [2] In eukaryotes , it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is composed of similar proteins in the various organisms.
Diagram of a typical animal cell. Organelles are labelled as follows: Nucleolus; Nucleus; Ribosomes (dots on rough reticulum walls) Vesicle; Rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus (or "Golgi body") Cytoskeleton; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Mitochondrion; Vacuole; Cytosol; Lysosome; Centriole; Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton seems to be just a ribbon. That's not what a cytoskeleton is. It's actually a matrix of cross-connected threads, a fairly rigid cage, although it's not just on the outside of the cell either. Traditionally, textbooks put the cytoskeleton in a separate diagram because it's difficult to illustrate otherwise.
The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes. It was once thought that prokaryotic cells did not possess cytoskeletons, but advances in imaging technology and structure determination have shown the presence of filaments in these cells. [9]
Micrograph showing condensed chromosomes in blue, kinetochores in pink, and microtubules in green during metaphase of mitosis. In cell biology, the spindle apparatus is the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates. [1] [2] [3] Homologues of the IF protein have been noted in an invertebrate, the cephalochordate Branchiostoma.
Microtubule and tubulin metrics [1]. Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm [2] and have an inner diameter between 11 and 15 nm. [3]
Inside a cilium and a flagellum is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton called the axoneme. The axoneme of a primary cilium typically has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (called a 9+0 axoneme), and the axoneme of a motile cilium has two central microtubules in addition to the nine outer doublets (called a 9+2 axoneme).