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Book restoration is the renewal and repair of books. [1] Techniques include cleaning; mending and filling damaged pages; restitching and rebinding . The first substantial work on the subject was Alfred Bonnardot 's Essai sur l'art de Restaurer les Estampes et les Livres which was first published in Paris in 1846.
Storage in a cool, dry, clean, and stable location can extend the life of an item. [51] Manuscripts and paper documents are often stored in protective archival-quality boxes and folders, made of acid-free and lignin-free materials. [52] Documents with heavy use may be stored or encapsulated in a clear polyester (Mylar) film sleeve or folder.
The ideal storage and display environment is oxygen-free, as oxygen prevalence has been shown to react with collagen over time, leading to increased brittleness of parchment. Oxygen-free storage and display cases are filled with inert gas as well as a chemical substance that reacts as an absorber if any stray oxygen leaks into the encasement. [13]
The business was receiving 140 tonnes per week (about 300,000 books) at their depot, purchased from charities at £75 per tonne. [3] In 2009, World of Books won the Worthing Business Award for New Business of the Year. [9] In December 2012, World of Books was ranked in 22nd place in the Sunday Times Fast Track 100. [10]
The earliest toy books were picture books bound in paper, of six to eight pages, often left blank on the back, with a small amount of text, and coloured illustrations rarely attributed to illustrators. [3] The books were usually bound in heavy paper; some that were guaranteed to be indestructible were bound in linen and sold for a shilling.
A durable press finish makes them dimensionally stable and crease-free. The finishing includes chemical finishing as well as mechanical finishing. [1] Wrinkle-resistant finishes were developed in the early 20th century as a way to deal with fabrics derived from cotton, rayon, and linen, which were found to wrinkle easily and retain the wrinkles.
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An example of this paradox in eastern thought can be found in the origin of the Chinese word for contradiction (Chinese: 矛盾; pinyin: máodùn; lit. 'spear-shield'). This term originates from a story (see Kanbun § Example) in the 3rd century BC philosophical book Han Feizi. [2]