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Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Jawi: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ , romanized: Kesultanan Riau-Lingga), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.
Johor–Riau Malay is a Malay dialect that is most closely related to Classical Malay used during the Malacca Sultanate and after the fall of the Malacca Sultanate, it then shifted to the first Johor Sultanate, namely the Johor–Pahang–Riau–Lingga alliance.
The Riau Islands province includes the Lingga Islands to the south of the main Riau Archipelago, while to the northeast lies the Tudjuh Archipelago, between Borneo and mainland Malaysia; the Tudjuh Archipelago consists of four distinct groups – the Anambas Islands, Natuna Islands, Tambelan islands and Badas Islands — which were attached to ...
Penyengat Island was the royal seat of the once powerful Sultanate of Riau-Lingga, and it is famous for its viceroys of Riau during the 18th century conflict with European powers. Penyengat still bears the traces of its illustrious and mystic past. Despite being ruined and abandoned for almost 70 years, Penyengat has recently been restored.
This name was used as one of the four main sultanates that formed the kingdoms of Riau, Lingga, Johor and Pahang. However, as the consequences of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and United Kingdom, the Johor-Pahang sultanates fell under British influence, while the Riau-Lingga sultanates fell under Dutch influence. [11] [12]
The breakaway Riau-Lingga Sultanate would exist as a Dutch protectorate until 1911, when it was abolished by the Dutch colonial administration. In the Pahang Kingdom , the fourth raja bendahara, Tun Ali formally renounced his allegiance to the Sultan of Johor and became the independent ruler of Pahang in 1853.
The Johor Empire was split into two parts with Sulaiman Badrul Shah giving up the sovereignty of his part to the Dutch. This also marked the end of the original Johor-Riau Sultanate, that descended from the Malacca Sultanate. This division remains today with Pahang and Johor in Malaysia and what was the Riau-Lingga Sultanate in Indonesia.
The Indonesian language, which is the country's official language and lingua franca, was based on Riau Malay, which despite its common name is not based on the vernacular Malay dialects of the Riau Islands, rather it represents a form of Classical Malay as used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Riau-Lingga Sultanate.