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  2. Mass versus weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_versus_weight

    In scientific contexts, mass is the amount of "matter" in an object (though "matter" may be difficult to define), but weight is the force exerted on an object's matter by gravity. [1] At the Earth 's surface, an object whose mass is exactly one kilogram weighs approximately 9.81 newtons , the product of its mass and the gravitational field ...

  3. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    Forms of matter that are not composed of molecules and are organized by different forces can also be considered different states of matter. Superfluids (like Fermionic condensate) and the quark–gluon plasma are examples. In a chemical equation, the state of matter of the chemicals may be shown as (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, and (g) for gas.

  4. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Matter organizes into various phases or states of matter depending on its constituents and external factors like pressure and temperature. In common temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.

  5. Mathematics of apportionment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_apportionment

    The original, and best-known, example of an apportionment problem involves distributing seats in a legislature between different federal states or political parties. [1] However, apportionment methods can be applied to other situations as well, including bankruptcy problems , [ 2 ] inheritance law (e.g. dividing animals ), [ 3 ] [ 4 ] manpower ...

  6. Mass balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_balance

    In physics, a mass balance, also called a material balance, is an application of conservation of mass [1] to the analysis of physical systems.By accounting for material entering and leaving a system, mass flows can be identified which might have been unknown, or difficult to measure without this technique.

  7. Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_the...

    A good example of this is the surface of the Earth. While maps frequently portray north, south, east and west as a simple square grid, that is not in fact the case. Instead, the longitude lines running north and south are curved and meet at the north pole. This is because the Earth is not flat, but instead round.

  8. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

    It is a generalisation of the vector form, which becomes particularly useful if more than two objects are involved (such as a rocket between the Earth and the Moon). For two objects (e.g. object 2 is a rocket, object 1 the Earth), we simply write r instead of r 12 and m instead of m 2 and define the gravitational field g(r) as:

  9. Earth mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_mass

    An Earth mass (denoted as M 🜨, M ♁ or M E, where 🜨 and ♁ are the astronomical symbols for Earth), is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Earth.The current best estimate for the mass of Earth is M 🜨 = 5.9722 × 10 24 kg, with a relative uncertainty of 10 −4. [2]