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Business performance management (BPM) (also known as corporate performance management (CPM) [2] enterprise performance management (EPM), [3] [4] organizational performance management, or performance management) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that an organization's activities and output are aligned with its goals.
Schein claimed that culture is the most difficult organizational attribute to change, outlasting products, services, founders and leadership and all physical attributes. His model considers culture as an observer , characterized in terms of artifacts, values and underlying assumptions.
Leader development is described as one aspect of the broader process of leadership development (McCauley et al., 2010). Leadership development is defined as the expansion of a group's capacity to produce direction, alignment, and commitment (McCauley et al.), in contrast to leader development which is the expansion of a one's ability to be effective in leadership roles and processes.
Leadership can also be developed by strengthening the connection between, and alignment of, the efforts of individual leaders and the systems through which they influence organizational operations. This has led to a differentiation between leader development and leadership development. [citation needed] [7]
The goal of which is to modify a group's/organization's performance and/or culture. The organizational changes are typically initiated by the group's stakeholders. OD emerged from human relations studies in the 1930s, during which psychologists realized that organizational structures and processes influence worker behavior and motivation.
[129] [full citation needed] [130] To facilitate successful leadership performance it is important to understand and accurately measure it. Job performance generally refers to behavior that contributes to organizational success. [131] [full citation needed] Campbell identified a number of specific types of performance dimensions; leadership was ...
In the GLOBE study, researchers don't specifically define cross-cultural leadership; rather they outline it in two components; organizational leadership and culture. The authors describe organizational leadership as “the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of ...
According to Cook (2010), [4] leaders in a virtual environment have the same basic responsibilities as face-to-face leaders such as organizing and motivating teams, monitoring progress, and developing team members. especially since technology allows one to work from anywhere, [2] However, e-leaders face added challenges such as monitoring from a distance, building teams drawn from different ...