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  2. Direction determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_determination

    Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

  3. Amplitude-comparison monopulse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude-Comparison_Monopulse

    Two overlapping antenna beams are formed, which are steered in slightly different directions, usually such that they overlap at the half-power point (-3 dB-point) of the beams. [2] By comparing the relative amplitude of the pulse in the two beams, its position in the beams can be determined with an accuracy dependent on the signal-to-noise ...

  4. Front-to-back ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-to-back_ratio

    In point-to-point microwave antennas, a "high performance" antenna usually has a higher front to back ratio than other antennas. For example, an unshrouded 38 GHz microwave dish may have a front to back ratio of 64 dB, while the same size reflector equipped with a shroud would have a front to back ratio of 70 dB.

  5. Phase-comparison monopulse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-Comparison_Monopulse

    Phase-comparison monopulse is a technique used in radio frequency (RF) applications such as radar and direction finding to accurately estimate the direction of arrival of a signal from the phase difference of the signal measured on two (or more) separated antennas [1] or more typically from displaced phase centers of an array antenna.

  6. Antenna measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_measurement

    Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...

  7. Doppler radio direction finding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_radio_direction...

    The operator rotated the antenna, looking for points where the signal either reached a maximum or, more commonly, suddenly disappeared or 'nulled'. A common RDF antenna design is the loop antenna, which is simply a loop of wire with a small gap in the circle, typically arranged to rotate around the vertical axis with the gap at the bottom. [3]

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  9. Angle of arrival - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_arrival

    The aim is either for the cell system to report the location of a cell phone placing an emergency call or to provide a service to tell the user of the cell phone where they are. Multiple receivers on a base station would calculate the AoA of the cell phone's signal, and this information would be combined to determine the phone's location.