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[33] Convergence theory holds that crowds form from people of similar dispositions, whose actions are then reinforced and intensified by the crowd. [11] Convergence theory claims that crowd behavior is not irrational; rather, people in crowds express existing beliefs and values so that the mob reaction is the rational product of widespread ...
A crowd may display behavior that differs from the individuals who compose it. Several theories have emerged in the 19th century and early 20th century to explain this phenomenon. These collective works contribute to the "classic theory" of crowd psychology.
The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations, published in 2004, is a book written by James Surowiecki about the aggregation of information in groups, resulting in decisions that, he argues, are often better than could have been made by any single member of the group.
An individual in a crowd is a grain of sand amid other grains of sand, which the wind stirs up at will. On education and egalitarianism: Foremost among the dominant ideas of the present epoch is to be found the notion that instruction is capable of considerably changing men, and has for its unfailing consequence to improve them and even to make ...
"Night wind hawkers" sold stock on the streets during the South Sea Bubble. (The Great Picture of Folly, 1720) A satirical "Bubble card"Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds is an early study of crowd psychology by Scottish journalist Charles Mackay, first published in 1841 under the title Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. [1]
The wisdom of the crowd is the collective opinion of a diverse and independent group of individuals rather than that of a single expert. This process, while not new to the Information Age , has been pushed into the mainstream spotlight by social information sites such as Quora , Reddit , Stack Exchange , Wikipedia , Yahoo!
Augé says the crowd reception seemed positive. “A live show for us is meant to be celebratory,” de Rosnay says. “In times of doubt, we always think of that word of wisdom by James Murphy ...
The theory is based on Nalls' remote observations of crowds, the study of crowd theory, and her artistic practice creating works that foment chemical bonding in crowds. Nalls has found that humans have innate mechanisms that are activated in situations of threat and feel relief in groups of the like-minded, capable of mediating the threat.