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Three-prong plugs do not fit into the older, two-prong receptacles. [7] When used as intended, the ground pin of the 3-wire receptacle is to be connected to a grounded cover screw, or to an external ground. In 1969, Underwriters Laboratories mandated three-prong plugs on major appliances for safety. [7]
The addition is a 3 ⁄ 16-inch (4.8 mm) diameter round or U-shaped ground pin, 1 ⁄ 8 in (3.2 mm) longer than the power blades (so the device is grounded before the power is connected) and located from them by 1 ⁄ 4 in (6.4 mm) edge-to-edge or 15 ⁄ 32 in (11.9 mm) center-to-center.
A new power quality standard, AS 61000.3.100, was released in 2011 [25] that details additional requirements. The new standard stipulates a nominal 230 V, and the allowable voltage to the customer's point of supply is, as mentioned, +10% to −6%. However, the preferred operating range is +6% to −2%. (244 V–225 V).
In fact the fuse is there to protect the flexible cord between the plug and the appliance under fault conditions [50] [51] (typical British ring circuits can deliver more current than appliance flexible power cords can handle). BS 1363 plugs are required to carry a cartridge fuse, [52] which must conform to BS 1362.
The socket has a circular recess with two round holes and two earthing clips that engage before live pin contact is made. The pins are 4.8 by 19 mm (0.189 by 0.748 in). The Schuko system is unpolarised, allowing live and neutral to be reversed. The socket accepts Europlugs and CEE 7/17 plugs and also includes CEE 7/7. It is rated at 16 A.
The two flat contacts are spaced further apart than on an American plug. No domestic appliances were ever sold with these plugs. The line and neutral measure 9 by 2 mm (0.354 by 0.079 in), and are 30 mm (1.181 in) apart. All three pins are 19 mm (0.748 in) long, and the earth pin is a cylinder of 4.8 mm (0.189 in) diameter.
A variety of different kinds of IEC 60320 plugs and sockets. IEC 60320 Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes [1] is a set of standards from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) specifying non-locking connectors for connecting power supply cords to electrical appliances of voltage not exceeding 250 V (a.c.) and rated current not exceeding 16 A. [1 ...
AC power plugs are also commonly circular, for example, Schuko plugs and IEC 60309. NMEA 2000 cabling using M12 connectors. The M12 connector, specified in IEC 61076-2-101, is a circular electrical plug/receptacle pair with 12mm OD mating threads, used in NMEA 2000, DeviceNet, IO-Link, some kinds of Industrial Ethernet, etc. [16] [17]