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  2. Observational error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error

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  3. Errors and residuals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors_and_residuals

    For example, if the mean height in a population of 21-year-old men is 1.75 meters, and one randomly chosen man is 1.80 meters tall, then the "error" is 0.05 meters; if the randomly chosen man is 1.70 meters tall, then the "error" is −0.05 meters.

  4. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Observational data forms the foundation of a significant body of knowledge. Observer bias can be seen as a significant issue in medical research and treatment. There is greater potential for variance in observations made where subjective judgement is required, when compared with observation of objective data where there is a much lower risk of ...

  5. Statistical assumption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_assumption

    Scenario: Imagine a study assessing the effectiveness of a new teaching method in multiple classrooms. If the classrooms are not treated as independent entities, but rather as a single unit, the assumption of independence is violated.

  6. Accuracy and precision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision

    Accuracy is also used as a statistical measure of how well a binary classification test correctly identifies or excludes a condition. That is, the accuracy is the proportion of correct predictions (both true positives and true negatives) among the total number of cases examined. [10]

  7. Observer effect (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect_(physics)

    In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation. [1] [2] This is often the result of utilising instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. A common example is checking the pressure in an automobile tire, which causes some of the air to escape, thereby ...

  8. Category:Errors and residuals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Errors_and_residuals

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  9. Design of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments

    For example, in observational designs, participants are not assigned randomly to conditions, and so if there are differences found in outcome variables between conditions, it is likely that there is something other than the differences between the conditions that causes the differences in outcomes, that is – a third variable.