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Fragrance extraction refers to the separation process of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction, expression, sieving, or enfleurage. [1] The results of the extracts are either essential oils, absolutes, concretes, or butters, depending on the amount of waxes in the extracted product.
Essential oil of Eucalyptus A glass vial containing sandalwood oil Davana essential oil Vial of Tanacetum annuum oil (blue tansy) Agar oil or oodh, distilled from agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). Highly prized for its fragrance. [1] Ajwain oil, distilled from the leaves of (Carum copticum). Oil contains 35–65% thymol. [2] Amyris oil
Oleoresins are semi-solid extracts composed of resin and essential or fatty oil, obtained by evaporation of the solvents used for their production. [1] The oleoresin of conifers is known as crude turpentine or gum turpentine , which consists of oil of turpentine and rosin .
The potential toxicity of essential oil is related to its level or grade of purity, and to the toxicity of specific chemical components of the oil. [5] Many essential oils are designed exclusively for their aroma-therapeutic quality; these essential oils generally should not be applied directly to the skin in their undiluted form. [5]
Carvacrol is present in the essential oil of Origanum vulgare (oregano), oil of thyme, oil obtained from pepperwort, and wild bergamot. [5] The essential oil of thyme subspecies contains between 5% and 75% of carvacrol, while Satureja (savory) subspecies have a content between 1% and 45%. [6]
Rose oil, [2] jasmine absolute, tuberose absolute, tobacco absolute, [3] orris root oil, ambrette seeds oil, angelica root oil, and orange flower oil are valuable and expensive fragrance and flavor ingredients. [4] Residual solvents may remain in the absolutes. Therefore, some absolutes are considered undesirable for aromatherapy. [citation needed]
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