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The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. [11] There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective. [ 11 ] Vaccinations must be administered prior to rabies virus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease. [ 12 ]
On a global scale, however, the World Health Organization reports that dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans.
The number of recorded human deaths from rabies in the United States has dropped from 100 or more annually in the early 20th century to one or two per year because of widespread vaccination of domestic dogs and cats and the development of human vaccines and immunoglobulin treatments.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
Canine mediated human rabies has been eliminated since 1980, and lyssaviruses have not been found in bat populations since 1954. [104] The last human death due to rabies occurred in 1980 (following a dog bite), [105] while the last case of rabies detected in a dog was in 2011. [106] Rabies was detected in a fox in 2018. [107]
An at-risk population is defined as one that has no immunity to the attacking pathogen, which can be either a novel pathogen or an established pathogen. It is used to project the number of infections to expect during an epidemic. This aids in marshalling resources for delivery of medical care as well as production of vaccines and/or anti-viral ...
The treatment consists of a series of injections of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin. [7] Rabies vaccine is given to both humans and animals who have been potentially exposed to rabies. [8] As of 2018, the average estimated cost of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis was US$ 108 (along with travel costs and loss of income). [9]
Mandatory vaccination against measles was introduced in 1968 and since 1978, all children receive two doses of vaccine with a compliance rate of more than 95%. [216] For TBE, the vaccination rate in 2007 was estimated to be 12.4% of the general population in 2007. For comparison, in neighboring Austria, 87% of the population is vaccinated ...