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The smallest meaningful increment of time is the Planck time―the time light takes to traverse the Planck distance, many decimal orders of magnitude smaller than a second. [ 1 ] The largest realized amount of time, based on known scientific data, is the age of the universe , about 13.8 billion years—the time since the Big Bang as measured in ...
This system results in "two thirds" for 2 ⁄ 3 and "fifteen thirty-seconds" for 15 ⁄ 32. This system is normally used for denominators less than 100 and for many powers of 10 . Examples include "six ten-thousandths" for 6 ⁄ 10,000 and "three hundredths" for 0.03.
One quintillionth of a second. femtosecond: 10 −15 s: One quadrillionth of a second. Pulse time on fastest lasers. svedberg: 10 −13 s: Time unit used for sedimentation rates (usually of proteins). picosecond: 10 −12 s: One trillionth of a second. nanosecond: 10 −9 s: One billionth of a second. Time for molecules to fluoresce. shake: 10 ...
The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...
French also uses the indicators d and de for the alternative second ordinal number (masculine 2 d – second; feminine 2 de – seconde). In plural, all these indicators are suffixed with an s: ers (1 ers – premiers), res (1 res – premières), es (2 es – deuxièmes), ds (2 ds – seconds), des (2 des – secondes).
Write the recipient’s name on the line next to “Pay to the order of.” Write the amount in numbers in the box with the dollar sign. On the row beneath “Pay to the order of,” write the ...
However, with free second order variables, not every S2S formula can be expressed in second order arithmetic through just Π 1 1 transfinite recursion (see reverse mathematics). RCA 0 + (schema) {τ: τ is a true S2S sentence} is equivalent to (schema) {τ: τ is a Π 1 3 sentence provable in Π 1 2-CA 0}.
Second-order approximation is the term scientists use for a decent-quality answer. Few simplifying assumptions are made, and when a number is needed, an answer with two or more significant figures ("the town has 3.9 × 10 3, or thirty-nine hundred, residents") is generally given. As in the examples above, the term "2nd order" refers to the ...