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Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, down the esophagus, and down into the stomach. Orogastric intubation is a similar process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (orogastric tube) through the mouth. [1] Abraham Louis Levin invented the NG tube.
Gastrostomy may be indicated in numerous situations, usually those in which normal (or nasogastric) feeding is impossible.The causes for these situations may be neurological (e.g. stroke), anatomical (e.g. cleft lip and palate during the process of correction) or other (e.g. radiation therapy for tumors in head & neck region).
The effectiveness of the RightSpotpH® Indicator has been validated through clinical studies. A significant study published in the International Journal of Emergency Medicine demonstrated that the device is sensitive and specific for determining intragastric pH levels below or above 5.5, a common threshold used for confirming nasogastric tube placement.
The tube may be difficult to position, particularly in an unwell patient, and may inadvertently be inserted in the trachea, hence endotracheal intubation before the procedure is strongly advised to secure the airway. The tube is often kept in the refrigerator in the hospital's emergency department, intensive care unit and gastroenterology ward.
The condition may be treated conservatively or with surgery. [2] Typically intravenous fluids are given, a nasogastric (NG) tube is placed through the nose into the stomach to decompress the intestines, and pain medications are given. [2] Antibiotics are often given. [2] In small bowel obstruction about 25% require surgery. [6]
Gastric lavage, also commonly called stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach using a tube. Since its first recorded use in the early 19th century, it has become one of the most routine means of eliminating poisons from the stomach. [1]
The Stamm gastrostomy is an open technique, [4] requiring an upper midline laparotomy and gastrotomy, with the catheter brought out in the left hypochondrium.It was first devised in 1894 by the American Gastric Surgeon, Martin Stamm (1847–1918), who was educated greatly in surgery when he visited Germany.
A nasogastric aspirate can help determine the location (source) of bleeding and help understand the best initial diagnostic and treatment plan. Nasogastric aspirate has a sensitivity of 42%, specificity 91%, negative predictive value 64%, positive predictive value 92% and overall accuracy of 66% in differentiating upper gastrointestinal ...