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René Descartes' theory holds that what the body perceives is solely understood by the mind's faculty of judgment. [2] The Western conceptualization of the body has been associated with the theorizing about the self. [3] René Descartes, for instance, distinguished the mind and the body through his notion of mind/body dualism. [4]
Descartes believed that the mind was non-physical and permeated the entire body, but that the mind and body interacted via the pineal gland. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] This theory has changed throughout the years, and in the 20th century its main adherents were the philosopher of science Karl Popper and the neurophysiologist John Carew Eccles .
Interactionism was propounded by the French rationalist philosopher René Descartes (1596–1650), and continues to be associated with him. Descartes posited that the body, being physical matter, was characterized by spatial extension but not by thought and feeling, while the mind, being a separate substance, had no spatial extension but could think and feel. [2]
A human was, according to Descartes, a composite entity of mind and body. Descartes gave priority to the mind and argued that the mind could exist without the body, but the body could not exist without the mind. In The Meditations, Descartes even argues that while the mind is a substance, the body is composed only of "accidents". [106]
In the philosophy of mind, mind–body dualism denotes either the view that mental phenomena are non-physical, [1] or that the mind and body are distinct and separable. [2] Thus, it encompasses a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, as well as between subject and object, and is contrasted with other positions, such as physicalism and enactivism, in the mind–body problem.
The self when seen as a compound is when it can be interpreted as being a whole human being - body and mind - with the body being an extension of the mind. [1] It is distinct from the Cartesian other , anything other than the Cartesian self, yet the human-being version, union of body and mind, of the self is capable of interaction with the ...
In the first part of his work, Descartes ponders the relationship between the thinking substance and the body. For Descartes, the only link between these two substances is the pineal gland (art. 31), the place where the soul is attached to the body. The passions that Descartes studies are in reality the actions of the body on the soul (art. 25).
The Concept of Mind is a 1949 book by philosopher Gilbert Ryle, in which the author argues that "mind" is "a philosophical illusion hailing chiefly from René Descartes and sustained by logical errors and 'category mistakes' which have become habitual."