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It was originally defined as the rate of heat transfer that results in the freezing or melting of 1 short ton (2,000 lb; 907 kg) of pure ice at 0 °C (32 °F) in 24 hours. [1] [2] The modern definition is exactly 12,000 Btu IT /h (3.516853 kW). Air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment capacity in the U.S. is often specified in "tons" (of ...
Another unit common in non-metric regions or sectors is the ton of refrigeration, which describes the amount of water at freezing temperature that can be frozen in 24 hours, equivalent to 3.5 kW or 12,000 BTU/h. [1] [2] [3]
Air-conditioner sizes are often given as "tons" of cooling, where 1 ton of cooling equals 12,000 BTU/h (3.5 kW). 1 ton of cooling equals the amount of power that needs to be applied continuously over a 24-hour period to melt 1 ton of ice. The annual cost of electric energy consumed by an air conditioner may be calculated as follows:
British thermal unit: Btu Btu 1.0 Btu (1.1 kJ) BTU BTU million British thermal units: MMBtu MMBtu 1.0 MMBtu (1.1 GJ) e6BTU BTU British thermal unit (IT) Btu-IT Btu IT ...
BTU IT /h ≡ 1 BTU IT /h ≈ 0.293 071 W: BTU (International Table) per minute: BTU IT /min ≡ 1 BTU IT /min ≈ 17.584 264 W: BTU (International Table) per second: BTU IT /s ≡ 1 BTU IT /s = 1.055 055 852 62 × 10 3 W: calorie (International Table) per second: cal IT /s ≡ 1 cal IT /s = 4.1868 W: erg per second: erg/s ≡ 1 erg/s = 10 −7 ...
The Btu should not be confused with the Board of Trade Unit (BTU), an obsolete UK synonym for kilowatt hour (1 kW⋅h or 3,412 Btu). The Btu is often used to express the conversion-efficiency of heat into electrical energy in power plants. Figures are quoted in terms of the quantity of heat in Btu required to generate 1 kW⋅h of electrical energy.
The first of the cooling load factors used in this method is the CLTD, or the Cooling Load Temperature Difference. This factor is used to represent the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air with the inclusion of the heating effects of solar radiation. [1] [5] The second factor is the CLF, or the cooling load factor.
The COP of absorption chillers can be improved by adding a second or third stage. Double and triple effect chillers are significantly more efficient than single effect chillers, and can surpass a COP of 1. They require higher pressure and higher temperature steam, but this is still a relatively small 10 pounds of steam per hour per ton of cooling.