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Because trade was dangerous and expensive, there were not many traders, and not much trade. The scarcity of money did not help; [26] however, the European economic system had begun to change in the 14th century, partially as a result of the Black Death, and the Crusades. [27]
The economic recovery that occurred in Europe starting from the 9th century, combined with the insecurity of land communication routes, meant that the main trade routes developed along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea: in this context, and given the crisis of the central powers, some port cities of the Italian peninsula were able to acquire ever greater autonomy, to the point of playing a ...
The Crusades led to flourishing of trade between Europe and the outremer region. [25] Genoa, Venice and Pisa created colonies in regions controlled by the Crusaders and came to control the trade with the Orient. These colonies also allowed them to trade with the Eastern world.
The Genoese colonies were a series of economic and trade posts in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.Some of them had been established directly under the patronage of the republican authorities to support the economy of the local merchants (especially after privileges obtained during the Crusades), while others originated as feudal possessions of Genoese nobles, or had been founded by powerful ...
The debate has led historians like Claude Cahen, Jean Richard, and Christopher MacEvitt to argue the history of the crusader states is distinct from the crusades, allowing the application of other analytical techniques that place the crusader states in the context of Near Eastern politics. These ideas are still in the process of articulation by ...
A second way led to Trabzon further to the Persian Gulf to India, a third one from Tana at the mouth of the river Don to the Volga and the Caspian Sea to India. But the larger part of trade was conducted by sea-vessels and not overland. Venice so developed a system of regular convoys with strong protective means, but also encouraged private ...
The goods from the East African trade were landed at one of the three main Roman ports, Arsing, Berenice, and Moos Hormones, which rose to prominence during the 1st century BCE. [8] [9] Hanger controlled the Incense trade routes across Arabia to the Mediterranean and exercised control over the trading of aromatics to Babylon in the 1st century ...
Overland routes helped the spice trade initially, but maritime trade routes led to tremendous growth in commercial activities to Europe. [citation needed] The trade was changed by the Crusades and later the European Age of Discovery, [4] during which the spice trade, particularly in black pepper, became an influential activity for European ...