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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). Along with the TCR, the CD8 co-receptor plays a role in T cell signaling and aiding with cytotoxic T cell - antigen interactions.
The CD8, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen-presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta
There are two isoforms of the protein, alpha and beta, each encoded by a different gene (below). CD8a: T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain. Identifies cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells that interact with MHC class I bearing targets CD8b: T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 beta chain. CD9
The α 3-CD8 interaction holds the MHC I molecule in place while the T cell receptor (TCR) on the surface of the cytotoxic T cell binds its α 1-α 2 heterodimer ligand, and checks the coupled peptide for antigenicity. The α 1 and α 2 domains fold to make up a groove for peptides to bind. MHC class I molecules bind peptides that are ...
Thymocytes are classified into a number of distinct maturational stages based on the expression of cell surface markers. The earliest thymocyte stage is the double negative stage (negative for both CD4 and CD8), which more recently has been better described as Lineage-negative, and which can be divided into four substages.
CD8, in contrast, functions as a dimer with either two identical alpha chains or, more typically, with an alpha and beta chain. CD8-alpha and CD8-beta each has one extracellular IgV domain in its extracellular portion. A co-receptor complex is also used by the BCR, including CD19, an IgSF molecule with two IgC2-domains.
Cross-priming refers to the stimulation of antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by dendritic cell presenting an antigen acquired from the outside of the cell. Cross-priming is also called immunogenic cross-presentation. This mechanism is vital for priming of CTLs against viruses and tumours. [3]
Endothelial cells release CCL4 following stimulation with LPS, TNFα, IFN-, or IL-1. [20] CCL4 is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells. [21] Perforin-low memory CD8+ T cells that normally synthesize MIP-1-beta. [22] CCL4 is produced by: neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, T cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial ...
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