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The heart is a muscular organ situated in the mediastinum.It consists of four chambers, four valves, two main arteries (the coronary arteries), and the conduction system. The left and right sides of the heart have different functions: the right side receives de-oxygenated blood through the superior and inferior venae cavae and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, and the left ...
The heart requires a continuous supply of oxygen to function and survive, much like any other tissue or organ of the body. [1] The coronary arteries wrap around the entire heart. The two main branches are the left coronary artery and right coronary artery. The arteries can additionally be categorized based on the area of the heart for which ...
Athletic heart syndrome; Atrium (heart) Blood; Cavoatrial junction; Fourth heart sound; Heart; Human body; Inferior vena cava; Lutembacher's syndrome; Mitral valve; Mitral valve repair; Pressure–volume diagram; Pulmonary artery; Pulmonary regurgitation; Pulmonary valve; Pulmonary vein; Ross procedure; Third heart sound; Tissue engineering of ...
The cardiac muscle pattern is elegant and complex, as the muscle cells swirl and spiral around the chambers of the heart, with the outer muscles forming a figure 8 pattern around the atria and around the bases of the great vessels and the inner muscles, forming a figure 8 around the two ventricles and proceeding toward the apex.
As with skeletal muscles the heart can increase in size and efficiency with exercise. [1] Thus endurance athletes such as marathon runners may have a heart that has hypertrophied by up to 40%. [ 3 ] : 1063–64 The difference between maximum and minimum cardiac outputs is known as the cardiac reserve and this measures the residual capacity to ...
In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. [1] [2] It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart, and Latin vascula meaning vessels).
The relatively narrow coronary arteries are commonly affected by atherosclerosis and can become blocked, causing angina or a heart attack. The coronary arteries are classified as "terminal circulation", since they represent the only source of blood supply to the myocardium; there is very little redundant blood supply, that is why blockage of ...
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