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Volume flow rate (cubic meters per second) = duct area (square meters) × flow velocity (meters per second) In aviation, airspeed is typically measured in knots . In weather stations with high wind speeds, the pitot tube is modified to create a special type of anemometer called pitot tube static anemometer .
A pitot tube is used to measure fluid flow velocity. The tube is pointed into the flow and the difference between the stagnation pressure at the tip of the probe and the static pressure at its side is measured, yielding the dynamic pressure from which the fluid velocity is calculated using Bernoulli's equation. A volumetric rate of flow may be ...
The volumetric flow is calculated from that difference using Bernoulli's principle, taking into account the pipe's inside diameter. [2] An Annubar, as an averaging Pitot tube, takes multiple samples across a section of a pipe or duct, averaging the differential pressures encountered accounting for variations in flow across the section.
A flow of air through a pitot tube Venturi meter, showing the columns connected in a manometer and partially filled with water. The meter is "read" as a differential pressure head in cm or inches of water. Video of a Venturi meter used in a lab experiment Idealized flow in a Venturi tube
There are several possible types of metering element in use. Flow benches ordinarily use one of three types: orifice plate, venturi meter and pitot/static tube, all of which deliver similar accuracy. Most commercial machines use orifice plates due to their simple construction and the ease of providing multiple flow ranges.
Examples of pitot tube, static tube, and pitot–static tube Static ports fitted to an Airbus A330 passenger airliner. The pitot–static system of instruments uses the principle of air pressure gradient. It works by measuring pressures or pressure differences and using these values to assess the speed and altitude. [1]
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