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An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. [1] They may have a large flat base ( sessile ) or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle ( pedunculated ).
Thin endometrium may be defined as an endometrial thickness of less than 8 mm. It usually occurs after menopause. Treatments that can improve endometrial thickness include Vitamin E, L-arginine and sildenafil citrate. [17] Gene expression profiling using cDNA microarray can be used for the diagnosis of endometrial disorders. [18]
The finding on transvaginal ultrasound of a thin endometrial lining gives the physician a 99% negative predictive value that the patient does not have endometrial cancer. [3] If a patient had a prior endometrial sampling that was inconclusive, then a transvaginal ultrasound can be used to triage a woman with post-menopausal bleeding. [3]
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus. Most cases of endometrial hyperplasia result from high levels of estrogens , combined with insufficient levels of the progesterone-like hormones which ordinarily counteract estrogen's proliferative effects on this ...
Endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterine lining) — bleeding can also be irregular, in between periods, or after the menopause (post-menopausal bleeding or PMB) Endometrial polyp; Painful (i.e. associated with dysmenorrhea): Pelvic inflammatory disease; Adenomyosis - extension of the endometrial tissue into the outer muscular wall of the ...
Under the influence of estrogen the endometrium (uterine lining) is stimulated and eventually such lining will be shed off (estrogen breakthrough bleeding). The anovulation chapter discusses its multiple possible causes. Longstanding anovulation can also lead to endometrial hyperplasia and facilitate the development of endometrial cancer.
Taking a progestogen in addition to an estrogen patch should be considered for women who have not undergone a hysterectomy to regulate the thickness of the endometrial lining [2] and reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. Hysterectomized women rarely need a progestogen, however it may be considered if a history of endometriosis exists. [1]
Estrogens may be used in treatment of infertility in women when there is a need to develop sperm-friendly cervical mucus or an appropriate uterine lining. [65] [66] It is also commonly used during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Estrogen helps maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus and help prepare for pregnancy.