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The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اُردُو حُرُوفِ تَہَجِّی, romanized: urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has co-official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. [29] [30] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. [80] [81] While Urdu retained the grammar and core Indo-Aryan vocabulary of the local Indian dialect Khariboli, it adopted the Perso-Arab writing system, written in the Nastaleeq style.
In Boolean logic, logical NOR, [1] non-disjunction, or joint denial [1] is a truth-functional operator which produces a result that is the negation of logical or. That is, a sentence of the form ( p NOR q ) is true precisely when neither p nor q is true—i.e. when both p and q are false .
from Hindi पश्मीना, Urdu پشمينه, ultimately from Persian پشمينه. Punch from Hindi and Urdu panch پانچ, meaning "five". The drink was originally made with five ingredients: alcohol, sugar, lemon, water, and tea or spices. [15] [16] The original drink was named paantsch. Pundit
CRULP (Center for research for Urdu language processing) has been working on phonetic keyboard designs for URDU and other local languages of Pakistan. Their Urdu Phonetic Keyboard Layout v1.1 for Windows is widely used and considered as a standard for typing Urdu on Microsoft platform.
In Urdu, many Arabic words may retain their original dual and plural markings in Urdu. i.e. vālid "father" → vālidain "parents". The -iyā ending is also not always a reliable indicator of gender or noun type. Some words such as pahiyā ('wheel') and Persian takiyā ('pillow') are masculine type-I: pahiye ('wheels'), takiye ('pillows').
Hindi and Urdu are mutually intelligible as spoken languages, to the extent that they are sometimes considered to be dialects or registers of a single spoken language together referred to as Hindi–Urdu or Hindustani. The respective writing systems used to write the language, however, are different: Hindi is written using Devanagari, whereas ...